Incidencia de muertes violentas por armas de fuego en Guayaquil-Ecuador

Resumen

El estudio se enfocó en analizar la incidencia de fallecimientos violentos por armas de fuego en Guayaquil durante el año 2024, empleando un método no experimental, de corte transversal y retrospectivo. El estudio revela que Guayaquil atraviesa una crisis nunca antes vista en términos de fallecimientos violentos provocados por armas de fuego, con un índice que sobrepasa tanto las medias regionales como globales. El 87,9% de los crímenes urbanos se llevan a cabo utilizando armas de fuego. Los hallazgos indican que la mayoría de los afectados fueron jóvenes (18-35 años) de áreas con alta densidad de población y presencia de grupos delictivos, particularmente en zonas como Sauces, Guasmo y Durán. El 55% de los homicidios tuvieron lugar durante las horas nocturnas los casos ocurrieron entre las 20:00pm y las 02:00am, y la causa principal se relacionó con delincuencia organizada y conflictos personales. Todo esto confirma que la violencia armada en la ciudad está ligada a problemas sociales como el desempleo y la falta de oportunidades que la violencia armada en la ciudad está ligada a problemas sociales como el desempleo y la falta de oportunidades.

Abstract

Armed violence is a public health problem that severely affects Guayaquil, Ecuador, where violent deaths caused by firearms have reached alarming levels. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of violent deaths by firearms in Guayaquil during the year 2024, in order to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of the victims, the areas with the highest incidence, and factors associated with these events. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, and retrospective design was employed, using official data from institutions such as INEC, the National Police, and the National Forensic Medicine Service. Documented cases of homicides by firearms in the city were analyzed, applying quantitative and qualitative techniques to understand trends and patterns of armed violence. The results revealed an unprecedented crisis, with 87.9% of homicides committed with firearms, mainly affecting young men between 18 and 35 years old, residents in areas with high population density and a strong presence of criminal groups, such as Sauces, Guasmo, and Durán. Additionally, 55% of the crimes occurred between 8:00 p.m. and 2:00 a.m., and were primarily linked to organized crime and personal conflicts. In conclusion, armed violence in Guayaquil is closely linked to structural social problems, such as unemployment and lack of opportunities, which demands comprehensive public policies for the prevention and control of this growing problem.