EL IMPACTO DE LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EN EL FORTALECIMIENTO DEL EMPRENDIMIENTO JUVENIL

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56519/arpa3f28

Palabras clave:

Emprendimiento, políticas públicas, desempleo, economía

Resumen

La prolongada tasa de desempleo entre los jóvenes ha llevado al emprendimiento a ocupar un lugar central en los esfuerzos de inclusión económica de este segmento demográfico. No obstante, la naturaleza precisa del impacto que las políticas públicas ejercen sobre el rendimiento de los emprendedores jóvenes sigue generando, en la literatura, posturas contradictorias. Para abordar este vacío, el presente artículo ejecuta una revisión sistemática que busca sistematizar, comparar y examinar de manera crítica la evidencia disponible sobre la interacción entre las políticas públicas y las etapas de creación y consolidación de nuevas empresas juveniles. A través de una búsqueda deliberada en las bases de datos más relevantes, se recuperan estudios empíricos que analizan un espectro de intervenciones, desde subsidios a la inversión hasta formación, mentoría y redes de apoyo. Los datos documentan que los programas más eficaces son los que abordan el emprendimiento desde una perspectiva multidimensional; las intervenciones que simultáneamente incorporan capacitación, desarrollo de competencias gerenciales y construcción de redes de apoyo entre pares producen, de manera consistente, tasas más elevadas de éxito prolongado y resiliencia empresarial. A mayor profundidad, se extrae que la articulación sistemática entre los ejes estatal y privado, medida en programas donde tutores, empresas y organismos públicos comparten recursos y conocimiento, se asocia con un incremento significativo en la tasa de sobrevivencia de las iniciativas emprendedoras. En contraposición, las políticas que se limitan a canalizar transferencias monetarias para inversión, sin diseño de aprendizaje ni acompañamiento posterior, revelan efectos de escasa magnitud.

ABSTRACT

The prolonged unemployment rate among young people has led entrepreneurship to take center stage in efforts to promote the economic inclusion of this demographic segment. However, the precise nature of the impact that public policies have on the performance of young entrepreneurs continues to generate contradictory positions in the literature. To address this gap, this article conducts a systematic review that seeks to systematize, compare, and critically examine the available evidence on the interaction between public policies and the stages of creation and consolidation of new youth enterprises. Through a deliberate search of the most relevant databases, empirical studies are retrieved that analyze a spectrum of interventions, from investment subsidies to training, mentoring, and support networks. The data show that the most effective programs are those that address entrepreneurship from a multidimensional perspective; interventions that simultaneously incorporate training, management skills development, and peer support network building consistently produce higher rates of sustained success and business resilience. More deeply, it is clear that systematic coordination between the public and private sectors, measured in programs where mentors, companies, and public agencies share resources and knowledge, is associated with a significant increase in the survival rate of entrepreneurial initiatives. In contrast, policies that merely channel cash transfers for investment, without learning design or subsequent support, reveal limited effects.

Referencias

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Publicado

2025-11-28

Cómo citar

EL IMPACTO DE LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EN EL FORTALECIMIENTO DEL EMPRENDIMIENTO JUVENIL. (2025). VitalyScience Revista Científica Multidisciplinaria , 3(8), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.56519/arpa3f28