LA CIBERSEGURIDAD COMO PILAR EN LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DIGITAL DE LAS COOPERATIVAS DE AHORRO Y CRÉDITO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56519/tvh0dh66Palabras clave:
ciberseguridad, transformación digital, Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito, eficiencia operativa, confianza del cliente, resiliencia InstitucionalResumen
RESUMEN:
La transformación digital ha modificado profundamente la gestión financiera de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito, permitiendo mayor eficiencia operativa y mejores servicios al cliente. Sin embargo, este proceso ha traído consigo crecientes riesgos de ciberseguridad que amenazan la integridad de los datos, la continuidad operativa y la confianza de los socios. Pese a los avances tecnológicos, persiste una brecha crítica en la literatura respecto a cómo la ciberseguridad influye en la sostenibilidad y eficiencia de estas instituciones.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el impacto de la ciberseguridad como pilar estratégico en la transformación digital de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito, evaluando su relación con la eficiencia operativa, la confianza del cliente y la resiliencia institucional. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque mixto, con técnicas cuantitativas para medir indicadores de eficiencia, confianza y resiliencia, y técnicas cualitativas para explorar percepciones de directivos y usuarios. Se aplicaron encuestas estructuradas, entrevistas semiestructuradas y se realizó un análisis comparativo con base en datos de cooperativas con diferentes niveles de digitalización y protocolos de ciberseguridad. Los resultados evidenciaron que las cooperativas con estrategias integrales de ciberseguridad lograron una reducción del 32 % en costos operativos, un incremento del 58.3 % en la velocidad de transacciones y un 95 % de continuidad operativa ante incidentes simulados, además de mejorar significativamente la confianza del cliente con índices superiores a 8.5/10. Se concluye que la ciberseguridad es un eje transversal en la transformación digital de las cooperativas, al potenciar la eficiencia, garantizar la confianza de los socios y asegurar la estabilidad operativa, elementos esenciales para la sostenibilidad tecnológica y la competitividad del sector financiero cooperativo.
ABSTRACT:
Digital transformation has profoundly changed the financial management of credit unions, enabling greater operational efficiency and better customer service. However, this process has brought with it growing cybersecurity risks that threaten data integrity, operational continuity, and member trust. Despite technological advances, there remains a critical gap in the literature regarding how cybersecurity influences the sustainability and efficiency of these institutions. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of cybersecurity as a strategic pillar in the digital transformation of credit unions, evaluating its relationship with operational efficiency, customer trust, and institutional resilience. The research was conducted using a mixed-method approach, with quantitative techniques to measure indicators of efficiency, trust, and resilience, and qualitative techniques to explore the perceptions of managers and users. Structured surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted, and a comparative analysis was performed based on data from credit unions with different levels of digitization and cybersecurity protocols. The results showed that cooperatives with comprehensive cybersecurity strategies achieved a 32% reduction in operating costs, a 58.3% increase in transaction speed, and 95% operational continuity in the face of simulated incidents, in addition to significantly improving customer confidence with scores above 8.5/10. It is concluded that cybersecurity is a cross-cutting issue in the digital transformation of cooperatives, as it enhances efficiency, guarantees member trust, and ensures operational stability, all of which are essential elements for technological sustainability and competitiveness in the cooperative financial sector.
Referencias
Oluokun A, Idemudia C, Iyelolu TV. Enhancing digital access and inclusion for SMEs in the financial services industry through Cybersecurity GRC: A pathway to safer digital ecosystems. Computer Science & IT Research Journal [Internet]. 2024 Jul 7 [cited 2025 Sep 6];5(7):1576–604. Available from: https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i7.1277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i7.1277
Mahadevan G. Cybersecurity in Banking and Financial Software Solutions. Economic Sciences [Internet]. 2025 Mar 13 [cited 2025 Sep 6];21(1):334–50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.69889/0btn6w55 DOI: https://doi.org/10.69889/0btn6w55
Najaf K, Mostafiz MI, Najaf R. Fintech firms and banks sustainability: Why cybersecurity risk matters? International Journal of Financial Engineering [Internet]. 2021 Jun [cited 2025 Sep 6];08(02):2150019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424786321500195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424786321500195
Ezinwa Ekene, Okoye CC, Nwankwo E, Mhlongo NZ, Odeyemi O, Ugochukwu C. Securing financial data storage: A review of cybersecurity challenges and solutions. International Journal of Science and Research Archive [Internet]. 2024 Feb 28 [cited 2025 Sep 6];11(1):1968–83. Available from: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0267 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0267
Esamah A, Aujirapongpan S, Rakangthong NK, Imjai N. Agile Leadership and Digital Transformation in Savings Cooperative Limited: Impact on Sustainable Performance Amidst COVID-19. Journal of Human, Earth, and Future [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Sep 6];4(1):36–53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.28991/HEF-2023-04-01-04
Popova L V., Daeva T V., Dugina TA, Melikhov VA, Chekrygina TA. Digital Innovation in Traditional Services of Credit Cooperative. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Sep 6];316:477–85. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57831-2_50 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57831-2_50
Saini K, Sehrawat P, Neeraj. Cybersecurity in Digital Transformation: Challenges and Solutions. 2024 Second International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies (ICACCTech) [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 6];444–51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCTech65084.2024.00079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCTech65084.2024.00079
Oyewole A, Okoye CC, Ofodile OC, Ugochukwu CE. Cybersecurity risks in online banking: A detailed review and preventive strategies applicatio. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews [Internet]. 2024 Mar 30 [cited 2025 Sep 6];21(3):625–43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0707
Adejumo AP, Ogburie CP. The role of cybersecurity in safeguarding finance in a digital era. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews [Internet]. 2025 Mar 30 [cited 2025 Sep 6];25(3):1542–56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.3.0909 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.3.0909
Uddin MH, Mollah S, Ali MH. Does cyber tech spending matter for bank stability? International Review of Financial Analysis [Internet]. 2020 Nov 1 [cited 2025 Sep 6];72:101587–101587. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101587
Abdul-Azeez O, Ihechere AO, Idemudia C. Digital access and inclusion for SMEs in the financial services industry through Cybersecurity GRC: A pathway to safer digital ecosystems. Finance & Accounting Research Journal [Internet]. 2024 Jul 7 [cited 2025 Sep 6];6(7):1134–56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.51594/farj.v6i7.1270 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51594/farj.v6i7.1270
Cele NN, Kwenda S. Do cybersecurity threats and risks have an impact on the adoption of digital banking? A systematic literature review. J Financ Crime [Internet]. 2025 Jan 23 [cited 2025 Sep 6];32(1):31–48. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/jfc-10-2023-0263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2023-0263
Waliullah M, Md ;, George ZH, Hasan3 T, Alam K, Sumaiya M, et al. ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF CYBERSECURITY THREATS AND RISKS ON THE ADOPTION AND GROWTH OF DIGITAL BANKING: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. American Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Solutions [Internet]. 2025 Feb 3 [cited 2025 Sep 6];1(01):226–57. Available from: https://ajates-scholarly.com/index.php/ajates/article/view/12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.63125/fh49az18
Adejumo AP, Ogburie CP. Strengthening finance with cybersecurity: Ensuring safer digital transactions. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews. 2025 Mar 30;25(3):1527–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.3.0908
Cheng S, Li J, Luo L, Zhu Y. Cybersecurity Governance and Digital Finance: Evidence from Sovereign States. Financ Res Lett [Internet]. 2024 Jul 1 [cited 2025 Sep 6];65. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105533 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105533
Wang S, Asif M, Shahzad MF, Ashfaq M. Data privacy and cybersecurity challenges in the digital transformation of the banking sector. Comput Secur [Internet]. 2024 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Sep 6];147:104051. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167404824003560?via%3Dihub DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.104051
Vargas D, Cruz M, Domínguez Vargas M, Patricia Méndez Cruz C. Impacto de la Digitalización en la Eficiencia de las Cooperativas. TRASCENDER, CONTABILIDAD Y GESTIÓN [Internet]. 2024 Sep 30 [cited 2025 Sep 6];9(27):2–30. Available from: https://trascender.unison.mx/index.php/trascender/article/view/265
Domínguez Vargas M, Méndez Cruz CP, Domínguez Vargas M, Méndez Cruz CP. Impacto de la Digitalización en la Eficiencia de Las Cooperativas. Trascender, contabilidad y gestión [Internet]. 2024 Sep 30 [cited 2025 Sep 6];9(27):2–30. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2448-63882024000300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Vargas D, Cruz M, Domínguez Vargas M, Patricia Méndez Cruz C. Impacto de la Digitalización en la Eficiencia de Las Cooperativas Impact of Digitalization on the Efficiency of Cooperatives. [cited 2025 Sep 6]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.36791/tcg.v9i27.265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36791/tcg.v9i27.265
Vargas D, Cruz M, Domínguez Vargas M, Patricia Méndez Cruz C. Impacto de la Digitalización en la Eficiencia de Las Cooperativas. Trascender, contabilidad y gestión [Internet]. 2024 Sep 30 [cited 2025 Sep 6];9(27):2–30. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2448-63882024000300002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es DOI: https://doi.org/10.36791/tcg.v9i27.265
Oyeniyi LD, Ugochukwu CE, Mhlongo NZ. DEVELOPING CYBERSECURITY FRAMEWORKS FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND BEST PRACTICES. Computer Science & IT Research Journal [Internet]. 2024 Apr 17 [cited 2025 Sep 6];5(4):903–25. Available from: https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i4.1049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i4.1049




