INTERLEUCINA-6 COMO BIOMARCADOR SALIVAL PARA LA DETECCIÓN PRECOZ DEL CÁNCER ORAL EN ADULTOS: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56519/zhg92162Palabras clave:
Interleucina 6, IL-6, biomarcador, saliva, cáncer oral, neoplasia oral, carcinoma de células escamosas, Interleukin 6, Biomarker, oral cancer, oral neoplasia, squamous cell carcinomaResumen
Detectar el cáncer oral en las etapas iniciales es esencial para mejorar el pronóstico y reducir la mortalidad asociada. En este contexto, la interleucina-6 (IL-6) salival ha surgido como un biomarcador potencialmente útil debido a su papel en los procesos inflamatorios y tumorales. Evaluar la Interleucina-6 (IL-6) como biomarcador salival para el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer oral. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020 y se registrado en la base de datos PROSPERO (ID: CRD42025629346). La pregunta de investigación se estructuró utilizando el marco PIRD para evaluar la precisión diagnóstica de la IL-6 salival en la detección precoz del cáncer oral en adultos. Para la búsqueda de los artículos a usar, se consultó las bases digitales PubMed, Scopus y ProQuest, se utilizó términos MeSH y palabras claves sobre la IL-6, saliva, biomarcadores y cáncer oral. Se incluyo estudios originales publicados en inglés y español durante los últimos 11 años que evaluaban los niveles de la IL-6 en saliva para la detección del cáncer oral. Dos revisores de manera independiente realizaron la extracción de datos y la evaluación de la calidad, utilizando la herramienta QUADAS-2. De 1011 registros que se obtuvieron en la búsqueda, ocho estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Dichos estudios utilizaron ELISA tipo sándwich y ensayos multiplex basados en Luminex para la medir la IL-6 salival. La sensibilidad reportada se situó entre el 63% y 100%, y la especificidad entre 70,83% y 100% y el área bajo la curva (AUC) entre 0,8 y 1,0, reflejando un buen rendimiento diagnóstico. Los estudios encontrados en su totalidad se hallaban indexadas en PubMed y son de tipo caso-control. La IL-6 en la saliva ha sido identificada como un biomarcador con notable potencial diagnóstico para la detección precoz del cáncer oral, con resultados consistentes en diferentes técnicas analíticas. Su accesibilidad y naturaleza no invasiva la posiciona como un biomarcador prometedor, especialmente en entornos con recursos limitados. No obstante, se requiere investigaciones multicéntricos adicionales, con mayores tamaños de muestra y metodologías estandarizadas para confirmar su utilidad clínica para incorporarla en protocolos rutinario de cribado.
ABSTRACT
Detecting oral cancer in its early stages is essential for improving prognosis and reducing associated mortality. In this context, salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a potentially useful biomarker due to its role in inflammatory and tumor processes. To evaluate interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a salivary biomarker for the early diagnosis of oral cancer.A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (ID: CRD42025629346). The research question was structured using the PIRD framework to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of salivary IL-6 in the early detection of oral cancer in adults. The PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest digital databases were consulted for the search, using MeSH terms and keywords on IL-6, saliva, biomarkers, and oral cancer. Original studies published in English and Spanish during the last 11 years that evaluated IL-6 levels in saliva for the detection of oral cancer were included. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment using the QUADAS-2 tool. Of the 1,011 records obtained in the search, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies used sandwich ELISA and Luminex-based multiplex assays to measure salivary IL-6. The reported sensitivity ranged from 63% to 100%, specificity from 70.83% to 100%, and the area under the curve (AUC) from 0.8 to 1.0, reflecting good diagnostic performance. All of the studies found were indexed in PubMed and were case-control studies. Salivary IL-6 has been identified as a biomarker with remarkable diagnostic potential for the early detection of oral cancer, with consistent results across different analytical techniques. Its accessibility and non-invasive nature position it as a promising biomarker, especially in resource-limited settings. However, additional multicenter research with larger sample sizes and standardized methodologies is required to confirm its clinical utility for incorporation into routine screening protocols.
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