MODELAMIENTO PREDICTIVO DE ANSIEDAD Y DEPRESIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS MEDIANTE TÉCNICAS MATEMÁTICAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56519/pjmetd63Palabras clave:
ansiedad universitaria, depresión estudiantil, modelo matemático, carga emocional, salud mental juvenil, university anxiety, student depression, mathematical model, emotional burden, youth mental healthResumen
Este estudio elabora y valida un modelo matemático paramétrico exponencial para la cuantificación de la carga emocional asociada a ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes universitarios, integrando variables psicológicas, académicas y contextuales conforme una estructura no lineal. El estudio utilizó un diseño de investigación cuantitativa correlacional con encuestas estructuradas en estudiantes de segundo y de tercer semestre aplicadas junto con análisis estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. El instrumento presentó una adecuada consistencia interna con un coeficiente de Cronbach de 0,8, lo que pone de manifiesto una fiabilidad alta para la medir los constructos emocionales del estudio. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre semestres, observándose en el tercer semestre puntuaciones medias más altas de la suma de factores estresantes para la ansiedad y para la depresión y, además, una mayor concentración de casos en las categorías de riesgo alto y muy alto. El análisis correlacional mostró asociaciones positivas y con significativas estadísticas entre la carga por estresores académicos y financieros y los puntajes emocionales totales, lo que da soporte a la hipótesis de interacción acumulativa formulada en el modelo. La estructura exponencial permitió poner de relieve aumentos desproporcionados en la carga de la emoción ante la concurrencia de múltiples estresantes que superaban el nivel de carga que se esperaría de acuerdo con enfoques lineales tradicionales. Se concluye que el modelo matemático exponencial evidenció adecuada capacidad predictiva para estimar la carga emocional total a partir de la interacción entre variables psicológicas, académicas y sociales, mostrando coherencia con la estructura correlacional observada y con los incrementos descriptivos identificados entre semestres. La incorporación de coeficientes de sensibilidad individual permitió capturar diferencias interpersonales en la respuesta a estresores acumulativos, confirmando la pertinencia del enfoque no lineal para representar el crecimiento desproporcionado de la ansiedad y la depresión.
ABSTRACT
This study develops and validates an exponential parametric mathematical model to quantify the emotional burden associated with anxiety and depression in university students, integrating psychological, academic, and contextual variables within a non-linear structure. A quantitative correlational research design was employed, using structured surveys administered to second- and third-semester students, accompanied by descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The instrument demonstrated adequate internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.8, indicating high reliability in measuring the emotional constructs under study. The results revealed significant differences between semesters, with third-semester students showing higher mean scores in the cumulative sum of stressors related to both anxiety and depression, as well as a greater concentration of cases in the high and very high-risk categories. Correlational analysis showed positive and statistically significant associations between academic and financial stressor load and total emotional scores, supporting the cumulative interaction hypothesis proposed in the model. The exponential structure highlighted disproportionate increases in emotional burden under the concurrence of multiple stressors, exceeding levels predicted by traditional linear approaches. It is concluded that the exponential mathematical model demonstrated adequate predictive capacity to estimate total emotional burden based on the interaction of psychological, academic, and social variables, showing coherence with the observed correlational structure and the descriptive increases identified between semesters. The incorporation of individualized sensitivity coefficients enabled the capture of interpersonal differences in responses to cumulative stressors, confirming the relevance of the non-linear approach in representing the disproportionate growth of anxiety and depression.
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